霍智謙醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系駐院專科醫生
半月板形狀如其名,呈半月形,是膝蓋內的「枕頭」,能平均分布膝蓋所受的壓力並起緩衝作用。半月板撕裂是香港十分常見的運動創傷,其受損與膝蓋退化問題息息相關。任何年齡人士都有機會面對,但成因與處理方法卻因應年紀而大有不同。
半月板撕裂分為兩種,35歲以下的年輕患者多因高能量創傷如運動等,引起十字韌帶撕裂連帶半月板創傷性撕裂。這類患者的手術方案多是半月板修補術加十字韌帶重建術。年輕患者的半月板質素仍然良好,修補後能愈合的患者達八成以上。此外,進行半月板修補手術能預防膝蓋將來退化。
而另一種為退化性撕裂,多在50歲以上人士身上發現,是膝蓋退化的其中一個過程,當中有一半患者並沒有徵狀。隨着年齡的增長,半月板老化使其質素變差,對於這類患者的處理方案,骨科醫生之間一直有不同意見。除了特殊情況如腫脹、鎖膝外,國際共識一般都會主張不進行微創手術。
據多項大型研究指出,對於退化性撕裂,半月板修補術或半月板部分切除術都未必有效改善這類患者的痛症、膝蓋的功能,或改變退化的速度。打個比喻,以床架代表人的下肢,床褥為膝蓋軟骨。當步入退化階段,如有O型腳、軟骨磨損等,就好比床架已歪曲,床褥失去承托力,即使換了半月板這個「枕頭」亦不能安睡,這個情況或需要其他開放式手術如下肢矯形術(修理床架)或膝關節置換手術(更換整套床)才能改善徵狀。
<刊載於《東方日報》>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.