佘嘉翰醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
脊椎側彎是兒童與青少年常見的脊椎病,可分為早發性脊柱側彎(EOS)及青少年突發性脊柱側彎(AIS),前者影響十歲以下兒童,後者病患則年屆十歲或以上。
過往治療EOS多採用延長棒手術,以配合患者脊骨生長而矯正彎度。然而,患者需接受多次外科手術,以調整延長棒的長度,難免增加全身麻醉、傷口感染及失血風險。近年的磁控延長棒手術(MAGEC)讓醫生可於患者體外透過使用遙控器,每月調整帶磁鐵感應的延長棒。除個別情況以外,患者可待青春期末段,才接受最後一次融合手術,取出延長棒及固定經矯正的脊骨。此外,MAGEC的創口較細,有利於患者復康。
治療AIS方面,若手術涉及腰椎體,該部位的活動範圍在術後將受限制。此外,當患者步入中年,僅餘一至兩節可活動的椎間盤因經年累月受壓,有機會提早退化。近年的非融合治療——脊椎繫繩裝置(VBT),可通過椎體兩傍的小切口植入繫繩,透過其張力把側彎拉直。VBT適合彎度位置較低及運動量較高的患者,手術傷口比傳統融合手術細約八成,可在青春期持續改善患者脊柱彎度,並保持椎體的活動能力。弱點是繫繩有機會斷裂,但在此情況發生時,脊柱彎度通常已有所改善;如彎度加劇,患者可配戴支架作矯正;若情況持續惡化才需考慮接受融合手術。
MAGEC和VBT為脊椎側彎患者提供更合適的治療選擇。在本港,直至目前,兩種手術案例分別約有60宗和30宗,術後情況大致良好。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年5月29日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.