黃一華教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系名譽臨床教授
脊椎的退化程度不一定跟實際年齡成正比。事實上,受遺傳基因、姿勢或創傷的影響,十多歲的年輕人也可能會有椎間盤退化。一般人踏入30歲後易有勞損以至退化,而隨著年紀漸長,脊椎退化的程度也日漸增加。不過,勞損退化並不一定會出現徵狀;只有在徵狀出現並影響生活時,才需要接受治療。
脊椎退化最常見的部位是腰椎,其次為頸椎,胸椎相對較少。腰椎退化可能引起腰背痛、坐骨神經痛或間歇性跛行。間歇性跛行指走路一段時間後(如5至10分鐘),下肢會感到疼痛或麻木,有症狀的部位主要視乎是哪條神經線受影響。到了退化後期、脊椎支撐不了身體而患上退化性脊椎側彎時,腰背會有更劇烈痛感。
頸椎退化或會做成頸部疼痛。如果影響神經線機能,痛感或麻痹可延伸至上肢,情況嚴重時更會引致脊髓病變、活動困難,甚至四肢癱瘓。至於胸椎,較常見的病例是骨質疏鬆造成的壓縮性骨折,除了感到疼痛,也會因骨骼塌下而令駝背的程度加劇,或會令脊髓受損及截癱(下肢全部或部分癱瘓)。
針對脊椎退化的問題,醫生一般會採取非手術的治療方法,包括使用止痛藥、物理治療、强化運動及改善生活習慣。半入侵性的治療有硬膜外或者脊柱小關節注射類固醇。如果患者的症狀無法緩解或有神經功能缺損,醫生可以與患者共同討論手術治療的方案。如椎骨已變形,醫生會視乎變形的幅度及速度,去決定患者是否需要接受手術治療。
<刊載於《am730》,2019年9月23日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.