傅俊謙醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
關節置換外科主任
髖關節骨關節炎是全髖關節置換最常見的適應症。髖關節骨關節炎通常是由退化引起的,常見症狀為腹股溝疼痛及髖關節活動受限,日常生活如穿鞋襪都會受影響。如果嘗試保守治療後未有好轉,X光檢查亦顯示髖關節退化,便需要考慮做全髖關節置換手術。
現今的全髖關節置換手術已經非常成熟,大致可分為傳統及機械臂輔助手術,兩者效果都非常好。全髖關節手術後人工關節90%可用15年或以上。術後康復期一般介乎6周至3個月。剛剛完成手術後,如維生指數及驗血結果均屬正常水平,手術當天或隔天便可下床和使用助行器步行,一般情況下患肢已經可以全力負重。術後早活動有助促進血液循環,減少下肢靜脈閉塞及肺栓塞的風險,亦增強患者對手術的信心及康復。
3至5日可出院
大多數骨科醫生會建議患者術後不要進行屈曲,內收及內旋的混合動作,否則會增加髖關節術後脫位的風險。髖關節向前屈曲的幅度要視乎術中評估髖關節的穩定性來決定,一般會建議不大於90度,但如用機械臂輔助技術做好術前計劃,屈曲幅度便不會有太大限制,但最終決定都會取決於手術醫生。大部分病人可在術後3至5天出院,出院時用助行器輔助,理應可以自行走路。
手術後傷口在兩周後便會愈合,期間傷口附近輕微疼痛、瘀青及腳部水腫屬正常現象,數星期後便會消失。輕微疼痛可以用止痛藥控制症狀;腳腫可以透過提高患肢及多做踝關節活動改善。患者手術後應當集中強化髖關節附近肌肉如臀中肌及大肌的力量,活動幅度也應該慢慢增強。
患者需要留意有沒有發燒、傷口出現滲液甚至下肢劇烈疼痛以致不能走路等嚴重症狀,如有應該盡早求醫。全髖關節置換是一個非常有效根治髖關節骨關節炎的手術,技術的改良已令患者不用過分擔心日後翻修的風險。
<刊載於《東方日報》>
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© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.