楊偉國教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系教授
骨組織感染主要由細菌引起,而細菌可趁人體免疫力下降乘虛而入。常見的骨組織感染包括糖尿病腳、術後感染和創面感染:前者由於血管和神經線受糖尿病影響,令傷口易受細菌感染;後者有機會發生於需要植入金屬支架(如置換關節)的病人,即使手術室已採取嚴格的無菌措施,手術後亦有機會出現骨組織感染,或有細菌於金屬植入物表面上繁殖。患者一旦受細菌感染,會發燒、白血球持續過高,或惡化至可危及性命的敗血症。
在港大醫學院臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系,我們會把細菌樣本送往病理科實驗室化驗以分辨細菌種類;讓微生物學專家從而針對性提出使用合適的抗生素作為治療。如細菌於金屬表面形成細菌膜,能抵禦抗生素的攻擊,唯有使用較強力的抗生素方可有效殺死細菌,但傷口仍有機會再受感染。若抗生素未能發揮作用,醫生會為患者持續施行清創術,刮走植入物表面細菌膜和清洗傷口。當清創術未能控制細菌感染,醫生會把植入物拆除,並注射抗生素,待患者痊癒後再植入新的人工關節或支架,而患者及後需服用抗生素一段時間。這對患者來說可算是「長期作戰」;而過度使用抗生素可令細菌變種,產生耐藥性,治療上會更棘手。
學系團隊因而嘗試用新的思維,研發抗生素以外的治療方案:首先把納米粒子注射至受感染部位,然後通過「外場響應」原理,如超聲波和微波等激活納米粒子,形成活性氧。活性氧可有效把細菌的蛋白成分氧化,從而有效分解各類細菌。團隊亦發現納米結構經改變後,能在短時間內產生大量活性氧,提升殺菌效能。研究目前仍處於實驗階段,期望經轉化後,可供臨床應用,給予病人更有效的治療。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年8月7日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.