關日康醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授
頸椎壓迫性脊髓病可以是退化性,亦有部分病例成因不明, 因此年輕人至老年人都有可能患上。臨床病徵包括手部麻痺及動作不靈活,麻痺感從手掌蔓延至上肢、身軀及腹部,繼而下肢亦會麻痺,走路失去平衡,甚至容易跌倒。如患者有上述病徵,醫生會先以臨床測試確定患者四肢力度、感覺和反射等,再按需要作進一步影像學檢查:先以X光檢查是否有骨刺或退化性移位,及排除其他非退化性病因,如腫瘤等;再以磁力共振確定神經線受壓位置,是否有椎間盤壓迫、黃韌帶腫脹等情況。另外,由於頸椎壓迫性脊髓病與縱韌帶鈣化症的病徵相似,如患者有韌帶鈣化情況,則要進行電腦掃瞄,以準確斷症。
按檢查結果,醫生會依照日本骨科協會評分指數JOA Score作臨床評分:17分代表功能正常;評分高於 13為輕度的脊髓病;評分在 9 至 13 之間,則為中度;評分低於 9,則為嚴重,醫生大多建議這些患者接受外科手術。
脊髓病變無法自行痊癒,尤其韌帶鈣化會隨時間日趨嚴重,所以初期或無病徵,待患者意外受傷引致四肢麻痺、無力,甚至癱瘓,情況已無法逆轉。醫生會因應患者的神經線受壓位置及嚴重性,選擇合適的手術治療方案。如發現患者先天椎管狹窄,醫生一般會建議預防性手術,擴闊椎管,以減少脊髓神經線受傷的機會。
目前,醫學界正硏究更準確的臨床檢查方法,以更清楚判斷患者接受手術的需要,並在病情尚輕時及早診斷和持續跟進。世界各地亦有硏究透過直接注射藥物或幹細胞於脊髓神經線內,提升治療效果。針對因遺傳引起的脊髓病變,日本亦有硏究嘗試找出導致鈣化性韌帶的基因,以改善預防和治療的可能性。
作者為港大醫學院臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授關日康醫生
<刊載於《am730》,2023年5月15日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.