黃德民醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授
旋轉肌是三角肌其中一組肌肉,讓肩膀能靈活地活動。旋轉肌撕裂是長者常見的退化性疾病,60-69歲人士按統計約有20%患有此症,70歲或以上人口的患病比例更多一倍。除年齡增長以外,其他風險因素包括手部勞損、由吸煙引起的筋腱供血不足、家族病史、受傷等;至於油漆師傅、游泳選手等須經常舉起手工作的人士,其肩峰與筋腱長期磨擦而勞損,亦可能導致旋轉肌撕裂。
旋轉肌撕裂的病徵包括肩部不適或肩痛(多集中於前肩),嚴重時會乏力。長者出現肩痛可能是不同因素所導致,有機會是軟組織收縮而引起的「五十肩」、旋轉肌撕裂,或頸痛引起的肩部不適。如筋腱出現發炎情況,與骨骼有所磨擦,患者會感到劇痛,但當舉高手超過某個角度就不覺痛,這都是典型筋腱發炎甚至撕裂的徵狀。
當患者求診時,醫生會檢查其活動能力及痛楚位置等,並進行體格檢查,觀察旋轉肌是否明顯乏力,從而判斷撕裂範圍。如發現有撕裂跡象,醫生會進行磁力共振,確定筋腱是否撕裂、以及撕裂的程度和範圍,從而對症下藥。如範圍不大,多數患者可透過物理治療紓緩病情,減輕痛楚。如撕裂範圍超過一厘米,而磁力共振及體格檢查分別顯示筋腱及肌肉有萎縮情況,手部亦乏力,則有機會要施行手術。
在瑪麗醫院,大部分有關手術均以微創方法進行,利用內窺鏡輔助,修補筋腱。撕裂範圍越大,萎縮程度越嚴重,均會降低手術成功率。某些患者因筋腱嚴重撕裂,以至關節開始變型,或需要接受關節置換手術。歸根究底,「病向淺中醫」,如有持續肩痛而未見緩解,應盡快就醫,作進一步檢查及適當治療。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年7月3日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.