鍾培言醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系系主任暨臨床副教授
成年人脊柱側彎分原發性及退化性兩種:前者由於青少年時期的脊柱側彎處理不當,年長後問題延續;後者是因脊椎退化或骨質疏鬆所致。退化性脊柱側彎是長者常見疾病,也是最複雜的脊柱問題之一,患者或會同時出現椎間盤突出、椎盤狹窄、長骨刺等病症,除腰背疼痛外,患者或會感到腳痛或麻痺,甚至出現脊柱變形,而腰椎穩定性下降亦會導致雙腿重心傾側,以至步態不穩而容易跌倒。
傳統治療嚴重脊柱側彎的手術較為複雜,需要在患者背部植入支架及螺絲,以矯正脊骨,由於手術時間長,麻醉及流血風險亦相應增加,而手術切口大,患者亦需要較長時間康復。但不少長者同時患有骨質疏鬆症及其他長期疾病,進行大手術的風險會較高。因此,術前檢查及評估十分重要,醫生會視乎患者的健康狀況,選擇最合適的治療方案,以免患者承受不必要的風險。術前處理包括檢查心、肺及其他主要器官的功能和骨質密度等;骨質疏鬆嚴重者或需先注射「 補骨針 」再接受手術。如側彎情況尚未算嚴重,簡單的減壓手術已足以處理問題。
近年,港大醫學院臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系積極發展治療退化性脊柱側彎的微創技術,以降低上述手術風險和加快復元。手術通過腰側的小切口,經後腹膜取出已退化的椎間盤,置入支架及人工骨刺激脊椎生長融合,重整脊骨弧度。微創手術所造成的傷口較小,而且可在同一位置完成所有手術程序,需時較短,風險亦較低。比起傳統手術,微創手術讓患者術後可提早下床進行復康活動,以加快復原。
要預防退化性脊柱側彎,應定期進行核心肌肉訓練,並保持骨骼健康。女性在停經後尤需注意骨質密度及作定期檢查。如出現上述早期病徵,應及早求醫予以適當治理。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年5月8日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.