陳秉強醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授
按世衞統計,在全球的骨關節炎病例中,膝關節炎約佔85%,病例數字隨人口老化而持續上升。膝關節炎引起的膝痛不僅影響患者正常生活及社交,其活動能力受阻更有可能増加患上心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血壓及情緒病風險,造成惡性循環,導致膝關節進一步退化;而患者步履不穩則可能増加跌倒和骨折風險,影響不容忽視。
治療膝關節炎可以非手術方法,如減重、服藥和物理治療等方法介入。但若病情已發展至後期、嚴重限制患者日常活動,或經過六個月非手術治療仍然無效,患者可考慮接受關節置換手術。隨著科技發展,醫學界約十年前發展機械臂輔助膝關節置換手術;在本港,瑪麗醫院於2019年引入此技術,四年多以來已見成效,其他公立醫院亦相繼採購有關儀器,將技術普及化。
傳統膝關節置換手術主要依靠骨科醫生的經驗,然而單憑肉眼與經驗,精確度仍有所限制。在機械臂輔助下,各個步驟的精密度和準確度均有所提升。以術前計劃為例,醫生以電腦掃瞄建立虛擬三維骨模型,能精確規劃假體尺寸和位置;手術進行期間,機械臂輔助虛擬邊界技術有助醫生切骨更精準,減少對關節周邊軟組織的傷害,亦可因應患者韌帶的柔韌度作個人化調整;此外,新技術亦能減輕術後痛楚,縮短患者住院和康復時間,從而降低醫療成本。從累積的經驗所見,機械臂輔助膝關節置換手術適合所有膝骨關節炎患者,一般患者在術後數天就可恢復活動能力,膝關節功能亦更持久,可減少翻修手術,提高醫療成本效益。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年7月17日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.