張善致醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
骨腫瘤可分為原發性及轉移性兩大類,轉移性骨腫瘤是由身體其他器官的癌症擴散所致,而本文將集中講解原發性骨腫瘤的病徵、治療及最新研究。
原發性骨腫瘤可以是良性或惡性,但即使是良性亦須定期追蹤,因它有可能演化為惡性骨腫瘤,亦即骨癌,常見的包括「惡性骨肉瘤」和「惡性軟骨瘤」——前者好發於十至二十多歲的兒童及青少年,而後者則在40至75歲的中年人身上較常出現。
縱使骨癌只佔所有癌症比例約0.2%,屬罕見疾病,但由於早期骨癌一般沒有明顯的病徵,患者因骨痛求診時大部分已屬晚期,如惡性骨腫瘤生長在盆骨位置,患者接受手術後或影響其行動及排便功能,嚴重時甚至要截肢,大大降低生活質素;若病情惡化或腫瘤擴散,則會危及性命,不容忽視。
現時治療骨癌主要依靠手術及化療,至今仍未有針對骨癌的標靶藥面世。近年港大李嘉誠醫學院臨床醫學學院矯形及創傷外科學系團隊運用嶄新技術,透過單細胞測序,分析骨腫瘤細胞的演化過程與階段、進一步探究原發性骨腫瘤由良性演變成惡性的誘因,輔以基礎藥物實驗和免疫治療試驗等,期望找出有效偵測和阻止骨腫瘤病變的方法,甚至研發出治療骨癌的新藥物。
和其他疾病一樣,應對原發性骨腫瘤最重要的是「及早診斷、及早治療」。如持續骨痛,而痛楚在運動後或夜間顯著加劇、以致走路不穩、體重無故下降,甚至伴隨發燒,持續疲倦等症狀,就必須盡早求醫。醫生可透X光檢查作初步診斷,如有需要會轉介專科醫生為病人抽組織作進一步化驗。
<刊載於《am730》,2023年8月14日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.