香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科系列之七
鄺宇翎醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯型及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
幼童一出生都有明顯的膝內翻(O型腿),尤其是開始站立及學行時更為明顯。幼童一路成長腳形會逐漸出現變化,從而變成膝外翻(X型腿);踏入四歲時膝外翻會最明顯,約六至七歲時會發展至成人的腳形。但如果出現下列徵狀,如下肢骨骼排列不對稱、下肢的腳型變化與普通的過程有偏差(如四歲時仍然有明顯的O型腿)、膝內翻或外翻的程度非常嚴重,或下肢疼痛等,醫生便會利用X光等儀器為幼童進行進一步的檢查,以判定出現病理性膝內翻或膝外翻的原因。下肢骨骼排列異常的常見病因包括佝僂病(Rickets)、創傷後排列異常、感染性排列異常、骨腫瘤(最常見的是遺傳性多發性骨疣)、布朗特病(Blount’s Disease)及骨骼發育不良等。
除了O型腿,許多幼童於開始站立及學行時亦會出現「入字腳」的問題,起因包括腳骨内旋、脛骨內旋、股骨內旋(過度股骨前傾),或以上各種情況同時出現。只有腳骨内旋嚴重的患者才需要依靠外在儀器去糾正腳骨,而其他的情況會隨著年齡的增加及骨骼的日漸成熟而有所糾正。「入字腳」問題不會導致下肢疼痛或關節的早期退化。有部分患者會選擇進行矯正手術,醫生會為患者切割畸形的骨骼,將其轉回正常狀態,再利用金屬植入物將其固定。
<刊載於《am730》,2015年8月24日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.