方欣碩醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
導致人體骨骼畸形有先天和後天兩種原因;後天的原因往往是骨折創傷後,骨骼在癒合過程中出現問題而形成畸形,這個情況在香港較為常見。容易出現畸形的部位是手腕或手肘的關節、大、小腿骨、股骨或脛骨。如果下肢骨骼畸形,走路時便會一拐一拐。長期延誤治療,更可引致膝蓋、髖關節關節炎及關節退化。保守治療如服藥,如果未見有效,疼痛嚴重者或需接受手術矯正。
過去手術前的準備計劃常以X光片檢查及量尺輔助,以評估患者骨骼需要矯正的角度,但受到X光片的限制,醫生較難判斷立體骨骼的準確位置,即使手術最後能成功完成,有時也未能達致最佳效果。
隨著醫療科技的發展,現時術前計劃可用電腦計劃手術的細節及模擬術後的效果,同時也可採用 3D 打印技術,把病人在手術中需要用到的工具度身訂造製作出來,令手術中的鋸骨、下螺絲、上金屬板固定骨骼等各個程序更精確順暢。縮短手術時間,以及減少流血。術後病人的傷口較小,康復時間也較短。如果是上肢手術,配合物理治療,可望於術後兩星期痊癒六至七成;下肢則因爲要受力,康復時間會較長,需要最少兩三個月。
3D 術前計劃及 3D 打印一般適合處理較嚴重、較罕見及複雜的骨骼畸形病例。常見因膝關節退化而造成的畸形,因為該領域的手術已非常成熟,則無需要採用 3D 打印技術。
<刊載於《am730》,2019年10月14日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.