香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科系列之十八
黃德民醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯型及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
運動創傷,即因為運動而引致的受傷。常見的運動創傷分為急性及慢性:急性創傷包括皮膚擦傷、肌肉拉傷、韌帶拉傷及斷裂、骨折及脫臼等;而慢性創傷大部分是因軟組織勞損導致有痛症問題,受傷部位以足踝最為普遍,俗稱「拗柴」。
症狀方面,大部分一般性扭傷或拉傷的患者都有輕微痛楚,對一般行動、工作不會有太大影響;但若是急性損傷,拉傷部位可能會出現明顯紅腫瘀血,會造成行動困難。如前十字韌帶斷裂或半月板撕裂,患者除了痛楚之外,膝關節會有急性血腫、軟腳及無法繼續行動,甚至有病人自覺有撕裂感。而一些碰撞性運動甚至令患者有骨折或脫臼的機會,令患處變形及無法活動。
處理方面,如有傷口應馬上處理避免細菌感染。大部分一般性肌肉拉傷或扭傷的患者只需透過休息及停止運動便可在一至兩週內康復;如有持續疼痛應盡早求醫。至於急性損傷方面,患者應立即停止活動扭傷部位,及加壓包紮、冰敷,若疼痛立即消失及無腫脹便繼續觀察,暫時無需求醫;但若疼痛腫脹明顯,便應到醫院求診。至於嚴重骨折、脫臼或前十字韌帶斷裂的患者應馬上求診,再轉介到骨科醫生處理。
<刊載於《am730》,2015年11月16日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.