香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科系列之十五
梁家熹醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯型及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
足踝關節位於距骨與脛骨之間。足踝關節退化在本港並非常見疾病,通常因患關節炎或曾有過嚴重創傷所致。足踝退化的患者會覺得走路時疼痛、腫脹、僵硬以及關節慢慢變形等。診斷時醫生需判斷退化的成因、分析足踝和前後腳掌變形的程度,並以鄰近關節的狀況以決定治療的方法,X光亦可助評估退化的嚴重程度。
儘管帶來不適,大部分足踝退化的患者還是會先選擇保守療法。其中包括減肥、減少走遠路、使用矯形鞋和服食止痛藥等。小部分退化嚴重的患者可能需要接受手術治療。手術主要有兩類:關節融合術和人工關節置換。關節融合的技術已有相當長的歷史,其用意是要將脛骨和距骨連合,犧牲關節的活動以消除痛楚。手術時醫生需確保關節連合在良好的位置,加上堅固的固定,融合才會成功。關節融合特別適合肥胖、年輕並經常需要體力勞動的病人。一般來說融合了的關節對走路並不構成太大影響,但長遠可能會加速鄰近關節損耗的情況。
人工關節傳統上在足踝的應用並不太理想,但隨著技術與產品質素的提升,儘管中長期的成功率仍略低於其他的下肢人工關節,起碼在一定時間內病人可享受痛楚消失之餘又保持關節靈活,越來越多接受過手術的病人都覺得值得。
<刊載於《am730》,2015年10月26日>
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© 2025 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.