張偉源醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
隨著年齡增長,人體各部位都會出現退化,而脊椎退化引致的神經病變,在香港很常見。除了年紀之外,遺傳基因、脊椎曾受感染或有舊患、長期吸煙及經常操勞搬運重物等,都會增加脊椎退化的風險。
脊椎可分頸椎、胸椎、腰椎、薦椎及尾椎,主要功能是支撐身體、控制身體活動及保護神經組織等。腰椎及頸椎是最常出現退化問題的部位,大約一成病人會同時患有頸椎及腰椎退化引致的神經病變。
頸椎及腰椎是由塊狀的椎間盤區隔,並有韌帶及小關節維持椎體之間的穩定,當頸椎或腰椎退化時,保護椎間盤的環狀韌帶逐漸老化,脫水,硬化及撕裂,或會導致椎間盤突出、長出骨刺、椎管狹窄,令脊髓或神經受壓,患者會有坐骨神經痛、腰背痛、手腳麻痺、無力等症狀,有時甚至連寫字、扣鈕、快步都覺困難,情況嚴重者,更會影響大小便功能。
如果病人接受保守治療 (服用止痛藥及物理治療)仍未能改善問題,就需接受手術把受壓的神經線放鬆,以舒緩痛楚。脊椎退化是生命中必經階段,不能避免,為了改善關節問題,不少人會服用葡萄糖胺,但是因為相關研究多集中在膝關節,加上脊椎軟骨跟膝蓋軟骨屬不同種類,在未有有力證據支持下,相信戒煙、護脊及維持良好姿勢仍然是延緩退化的最佳方法。
<刊載於《am730》,2019年10月21日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.