傅俊謙醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
隨著人口老化,人工關節置換(俗稱換骹)的個案不斷上升。人體有兩個部分較常進行關節置換手術:髖關節(全髖關節置換)及膝關節(全膝關節或半膝關節置換),而現時的機械臂輔助手術,比傳統手術更精準,有更多優勝之處。
首先,傳統手術的鋸骨程序,主要依靠醫生的專業經驗及肉眼觀察作判斷,有時或會有偏差並傷害鄰近的軟組織,而機械臂會限制醫生鋸骨的範圍、方向及深度,越界便自動停止,因此比傳統手術更精準。機械臂輔助手術可分兩種,一種是術前進行電腦掃描,利用所得資料數據去策劃手術細節,包括人工關節的尺寸、鋸骨的位置、人工關節最合適的放置角度等。另一種則無須在術前進行電腦掃描,醫生於手術期間使用儀器註冊病人的骨骼形態,並即時分析出手術所需的各項數據。
機械臂輔助手術主要適合初次換骹的病人,但處理複雜程度較高的病例,如髖關節發育不良、盆骨畸型尤其適合。有研究顯示,患者接受機械臂輔助手術後的出血量較傳統手術少,痛楚也較輕,手術位置附近的軟組織保存得也較完好。住院日數可減少1至2天,康復時間也會相對較快。自今年1月起,瑪麗醫院開始提供機械臂輔助換骹手術的服務,是全香港首間引入這項技術的公立醫院。
<刊載於《am730》,2019年8月12日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.