葉永玉醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授
拇指腕掌關節退化的病例大部分發生在老年人身上,隨著年齡增長,連接手腕和手掌之間的關節因長期使用,引致軟骨磨蝕變薄,令骨與骨之間出現互相碰撞甚至重疊磨損的現象,關節的接駁位置或因而無法準確地對接,導致關節移位、發炎、紅腫和疼痛,某些患者的拇指更會出現Z型的變形,影響手部的整體活動能力。
當腕掌關節的開展幅度因退化而減少,或關節因疼痛令拇指難以發力,患者會連合掌、握茶杯、扭毛巾或用鉗子時都感到疼痛,甚至無法完成這些簡單動作。
對於病徵輕微的患者,醫生一般會建議先採取以下保守治療:
- 安排職業治療師為患者訂造手托,以減低勞損,讓關節得以休息
- 處方消炎止痛藥,舒緩發炎、紅腫和急性疼痛
- 進行物理治療,如蠟療或超聲波治療,達致減痛療效
如患者已退休,或無須再長期從事手部勞動工作,只需在生活習慣上作出調整,同時配合適當休息,並定期接受醫生的觀察,保守治療一般已足夠控制病情,患者不一定要接受手術。
但若在接受保守治療後仍然感到痛楚,就要認真考慮手術治療。醫生會建議退休長者接受手腕腕骨(俗稱「波子骨」)移除手術,利用手腕裏的半條屈肌腱製成軟組織填充物,充當「假關節」,放在波子骨原位,取代已損壞的波子骨,當指骨不再交疊磨損,就不會產生痛楚。至於較年輕、工作上需要用力或體力勞動的病人,可考慮融合手術,將損壞的關節用金屬鑲緊。近年出現的人工關節置換手術亦是選擇之一,但此技術仍屬起步階段,暫時未有大量病人採用。
<刊載於《東方日報》,2021年8月14日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.