香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科系列之十四
梁家熹醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯型及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
我們的足部由多個小骨組合而成,小骨之間的關節活動可助我們適應不平坦的路面;但小骨需排列恰當,否則就會變成「一盤散沙」。成人足部當中的脛後肌(tibialis posterior)對維持足弓的形狀十分重要,故此脛後肌出現問題便是成人扁平足的一大主因。
隨著年齡或體重增加,脛後肌容易因勞損而發炎,長期發炎會導致筋腱退化甚至撕裂。病人最初會覺得足踝內側疼痛,難以行走崎嶇的路面,隨後會發現足部扁平和腳跟外翻,痛楚亦可能由內側轉到外側。醫生會根據病情的不同階段建議治療方案,當關節未受影響及尚算靈活時,病人可嘗試利用物理治療和矯形鞋墊;但如病徵持續,則需考慮手術治療。在手術中醫生會把屈趾長肌肌腱轉移到脛後肌以加強該肌肉的功能,並在跟骨上做一個內移切骨術以糾正腳跟外翻,術後病人需用石膏及柺杖輔助步行六至八個星期以讓骨及筋腱復完。術後大部分患者病徵都得以紓緩,但手術未必能完全改善扁平足的形狀,亦有復發的風險。若關節已受影響而變得僵硬,又或X光顯示出退化問題,那就需進行關節融合術。關節融合對於消除痛楚和改善扁平足效果非常好,但術後打石膏的時間會較長,而且病人亦可能始終難以適應凹凸的路面。
<刊載於《am730》,2015年10月19日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.