香港大學李嘉誠醫學院矯型及創傷外科系列之九
方欣碩醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯型及創傷外科學系臨床助理教授
骨折多因意外或加上骨質疏鬆而發生,最常見的上肢骨折有手腕關節、肘關節及肩關節骨折。骨折主要的症狀是嚴重痛楚、變形、腫脹而失去上肢和手部功能。大部分骨折都可清楚地在X光檢查中看到,而一些較為複雜及粉碎性骨折則需要進行電腦素描(CT)詳細分析。
治療的目的是要讓病人可在最短時間內盡快恢復以前的工作能力及自理能力。如果受傷的骨骼沒有移位及沒有破壞關節,便會使用三角巾或打石膏保護骨折部位四到六個星期令其愈合,而病人在骨折愈合後需接受至少一至兩個月的物理治療訓練;如骨折移位較為嚴重或穩定性不夠,或病人是年青人及對於力度要求較高時,醫生會建議進行手術。手術的目的是將移位的骨折儘量回復在原位固定。在過去十年,鈦金屬或不銹鋼鎖定鋼板技術(Locking Plate)大大提高了上肢骨折手術的成功率,而併發症一般可控制在百分之二以下。在最理想的情況下,骨頭在手術後變得穩固,病人在兩至三星期後已能夠用手進食或做其他簡單的自理活動,同時亦建議接受早期的康復運動。
骨折若沒有及時好好處理,便可能會引致骨骼變形,影響外觀及功能。幸好,就算是嚴重變形的骨頭,現在亦可借助電腦及3D打印技術,在進行詳細的計劃之後準確地進行後期的矯正手術。
<刊載於《am730》,2015年9月7日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.