黃德民醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系臨床副教授
前十字韌帶受傷大多發生在10多歲至40歲多的人士身上,當中又以女性更常見。女性的身體結構跟男性不同,膝蓋傾向外翻,這可能是導致她們容易受傷的原因。患者大多在參與高體能需求的運動中受傷,如打籃球時急停跳射、或是滑雪時跌下扭傷。
患者受傷時會聽到啪一聲,但聲音並不是骨折造成,而是關節脫位時骨頭磨擦的聲音。如果是前十字韌帶受傷,患者會感到膝蓋腫脹疼痛,不能繼續活動作賽。即時冰敷有助紓緩痛楚,卻不可根治問題,應該盡快去求醫。
醫生會透過體質檢查、X光及磁力共振等去進行診斷,以了解患者除了前十字韌帶撕裂,是否還有其他損傷,如骨折、半月板及內側副韌帶受傷等。治療方案可以是進行前十字韌帶重建手術,重建手術會比縫合的效果更理想。醫生會在患者大腿內側膕繩肌取出部分組織作重建。外國有案例採用異體筋腱或人工韌帶,但我們還是建議用自體筋腱,不但可排除外來感染風險,還可增加手術成功機會。
部分病人會擔心取去身體的筋腱作十字韌帶重建,會否影響大腿內側日後的活動能力。根據很多手術案例,雖然術後初期傷口會有痛感,但配合物理治療,長遠來說並不會影響大腿的活動能力。前十字韌帶重建後需等待新的筋腱跟骨頭癒合,再配合康復治療及鍛練。大約半年至9個月患者康復後便可以重新投入受傷前的運動。
<刊載於《am730》,2019年9月30日>
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© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.