鄺宇翎醫生
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
矯形及創傷外科學系名譽臨床助理教授
大家有沒有留意,成人腳掌在站立時會形成一個向內凹入、不會接觸到地面的區域?我們稱之為「足弓」。足弓由多塊骨頭組成,有吸收震盪的作用,可將身體的重量分散到腳掌前端和後跟(俗稱「腳踭」)。由於兒童的足弓發展未成熟,連接的韌帶和關節囊柔軟度高,當腳掌著地,如站立或走路時,足弓會倒塌或消失,令足部出現整體變平和後跟外翻的情況,足部會因此承受較大壓力,以致少數患者走路時容易感到疲倦,甚至腳掌疼痛。這現象稱為兒童扁平足,其中以「功能性彈性扁平足」佔大多數。
若幼兒在雙腳著地站立時,足弓會消失;但只要蹬起腳尖,足弓就會重現,同時後跟會由外翻恢復為內翻,那就是患上了常見的功能性彈性扁平足。事實上,這種兒童扁平足屬於常見現象,家長毋須過分擔心。一般患者踏入十多歲後,待足部肌肉發育成熟,足弓就會重現,扁平足現象亦會因而消失。
當發現幼童走路時感吃力,或有上述足弓塌下的情況,可詢問醫生意見,並進行合適的治療。例如按醫生建議,做一些強化足弓(脛骨後肌)的運動,包括蹬起腳尖,所涉動作會收縮小腿肌肉,並拉緊腳部其中一條肌腱韌帶,從而撐起足弓,令足弓重現。此外,醫生或會建議患者穿上合適的鞋墊以承托足弓,增強足弓的避震功能。如有需要,患者會接受物理治療,藉伸展運動放鬆後跟肌腱。
至於較爲罕見的僵硬性扁平足,是指患者即使蹬起腳尖,足弓仍不會重現,而後跟仍然保持外翻。最常見的成因,是患者足部部分骨骼因先天原因自然融合,令足部結構失去應有的柔軟度。由於病情較為複雜,個案需要轉介至骨科專科,以作進一步的評估和分析。
<刊載於《東方日報》,2021年9月11日>
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The information contained in this website is solely for the purpose of promoting academic exchange. None of such information is intended to be for, nor shall therefore be treated as, dissemination of professional service information of doctors to the public. If you are interested in obtaining any information about the professional practice of our clinical staff members, please visit the website of HKU Health System at
https://hkuhs.med.hku.hk/en/homepage/our-professional.
© 2024 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong. All rights reserved.